Geometry in Ages Past

Mesa Verde National Park

When I saw that this week’s Lens-Artist’s Photography Challenge was geometry, I was at a bit of a loss at first. After all, I do primarily nature photography and although Mother Nature loves a circle or a sphere, she isn’t much into squares and cubes.

Colorado Plateau
Trapezoids, circles and ovals

Then I happened to notice a similarity in the rock art of many of the ancestral peoples of the desert southwest. These folks were really into geometry! Even their sheep were made up of squares and rectangles.

Three Rivers Petroglyph Site
Squares and circles on this petroglyph from Three Rivers Petroglyph Site in New Mexico.

Stylized, geometric depictions of people and animals can be found in rock art from the Fremont culture of northern Colorado and Utah to the Ancestral Puebloans of the Four Corners region to the Mogollon culture of southern New Mexico and Arizona.

Mogollon culture
Rectangles and squares – These ruins at Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument in southern New Mexico date back to the 1200s.

Most of the ruins and rock art date back 700 to 1100 years. There are thousands of sites throughout the canyons of the desert southwest, some in quite remote locations. It is so thrilling to walk around a bend in a canyon and discover these traces left behind by people who lived there a thousand years ago!

Petroglyphs
Rock art panel near Moab, Utah

My first backpacking trip into the desert was in Grand Gulch, Utah. Back then it was just BLM land, in the middle of nowhere. Now it is part of the disputed Bear’s Ears National Monument.  After walking around many bends in the canyon and discovering rock art and ruins here, there and everywhere, I was hooked for life. Searching out Ancestral Puebloan sites on the Colorado Plateau became a hobby and a passion of mine every spring.

Dinosaur National Monument
The trapezoidal body shape of this petroglyph is typical of Fremont Culture rock art.

By the end of the 1800s, many ruins were damaged and destroyed by pothunters, who would tear up the dwellings in their search for the buried treasure of the artifacts left behind. In 1906 the Antiquities Act was passed by Congress to protect these national treasures.

Petrified Forest National Park
Agate House in Petrified Forest National Park was built out of petrified wood.

Since then, only 5 presidents have not used the Antiquities Act to protect additional lands (Nixon, Ford, Reagan, Bush Sr. and Trump). Trump is the only president who has attempted to remove lands from Monument status.

Ancestral puebloan rock art
Many rock art panels have been defaced by bullet holes and graffiti

Theft and vandalism are still major problems faced by those trying to preserve both ruins and rock art. When I worked at Death Valley, we were not allowed to publish any pictures of rock art in the park or disclose locations to visitors because people would literally chip the panels right off the cliffs!

Dinosaur National Monument
Rectangles and circles on this rock art figure from Dinosaur National Monument

Graffiti and target practice deface many rock art panels. This damage is difficult and often impossible to repair. I can’t help but wonder why some people feel this need to destroy the work left behind by others. I just don’t understand it.

Thompson Utah pictograph
Triangles – Why would someone deface a painting that had lasted a thousand years?

Since enforcement is so difficult, the key may be education. If we can convince others of the value of these ancient artifacts, and how that value is enhanced by being left in place for future generations, perhaps we, and our grandchildren’s grandchildren, may enjoy the geometry of ages past for many more years to come.

Fremont Culture
Rock art in Dinosaur National Monument

Thank you to Patti of pilotfishblog for this week’s Challenge, Geometry.

 

Help Save Our National Monuments!

What do our National Monuments mean to you? Do you think of them as places to play, to recreate and enjoy the beauty of our public lands? Do you think of them as places that protect the past, conserving prehistoric fossils and Ancestral Puebloan ruins? Do you think of them as “mini-National Parks”? Do you think of them as a way to offer important American landmarks a level of protection?

Mt. San Jacinto
Santa Rosa & San Jacinto National Monument

There’s a bill before the House right now you should know about. It’s HR 3990, The “National Monument Creation & Protection Act”.

Don’t let the title fool you. It’s not about national monument creation. It’s about national monument destruction and the evisceration of the Antiquities Act.

 

Valley of the Gods, Utah
Bear’s Ears National Monument

A Few Provisions of this Bill:

  • It would change the language, striking “historic landmarks, historic and prehistoric structures, and other objects of historic or scientific interest” and inserting “object or objects of antiquity”.
  • Limit the size of any new national monuments, in some cases to no more than 640 acres.
  • Limit a national monument’s proximity to other national monuments.
  • The President could remove up to 85,000 acres from existing national monuments, even more with agreement from a state’s governor and legislature.
  • Prohibits national monuments that protect oceans.
Gold Butte, Nevada
Gold Butte National Monument

A Little Historic Background

There are a few misconceptions out there about what the Antiquities Act is all about. Even in the very earliest days of the Antiquities Act, the “scientific interest” clause was important. Of the 18 national monuments created by Theodore Roosevelt, one third were created to preserve places of scientific interest. Proponents of this bill state that the Antiquities Act was only created to preserve objects of antiquity.

Proponents of this act state that the original act was meant to preserve only small areas. Is the Grand Canyon a small area? Fully half of our national parks started out as national monuments, most in excess of 85,000 acres at their creation as national monuments.

Sunset at Grand Canyon
Grand Canyon National Park

Think of Zion, Canyonlands, Death Valley, Olympic, Katmai, Wrangell-St. Elias, just to name a few. If the Antiquities Act meant what proponents of H.R. 3990 believe it does, none of these crown jewels would have ever received protection. Just think of the loss to our national heritage if these lands had not been protected!

The most troubling clause of this bill is the ability of the president to drastically reduce the size of existing national monuments. This means that any of our national monuments can be arbitrarily reduced by up to 85,000 acres at any time and for any reason. Essentially it means a national monument designation is no protection at all.

 

T Rex Skull, Dinosaur Ntnl. Monument
Dinosaur National Monument

It’s Not All Bad News

There is a ray of hope. New Mexico’s Senator Tom Udall has sponsored another bill, S. 2354, the Antiquities Act of 2018. This bill reaffirms and strengthens the original Antiquities Act and will demonstrate the public’s support for our national monuments. This bill currently needs more sponsors.

 

Sand Canyon, Canyon of the Ancients, Colorado
Canyon of the Ancients National Monument

What You Can Do

  • Educate yourself about just how important the Antiquities Act and our National Monuments are. Here’s a link to get started.
  • Write your congressman. Let them know that you support the Antiquities Act and do not support HR 3990.
  • Write your senators. Let them know you support the Antiquities Act and Senate bill S. 2354 and ask them to help sponsor this bill.
  • Donate to organizations that are fighting the repeal of the Antiquities Act.
  • The BLM is preparing management plans for the reduced Bear’s Ears and Escalante-Grand Staircase National Monuments proposed by Trump, even though the court cases challenging the legality of this action have not yet been heard. There is a comment period open until April 11. Protest this action. Comments must be sent individually for each National Monument.
    TeePee Rocks, Grand Staircase, Utah
    Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument

    Make comments for Bear’s Ears and Grand Staircase/Escalante here.

  • Spread the word! Tell your friends and neighbors about this unprecedented threat to some of our most sacred places.
  • Be an activist! Organize or join a rally or demonstration in support of the Antiquities Act.

Our national monuments have never been so endangered. It’s up to us to speak up and let our voices be heard. Time is short. Let our government know now how much you care about our public lands.

 

 

 

The Bear’s Ears

Theodore Roosevelt created the Antiquities Act specifically to protect Mesa Verde and other ancient Puebloan ruins. Some of this country’s most precious cultural resources, they were being pillaged and destroyed by pothunters, way back in 1906.

Roosevelt, a Republican, was a true conservative, unlike many of the people who go by that appellation these days. He believed in CONSERVING our natural and cultural resources so that all Americans could enjoy them, not just a few people who wished to profit by taking from these lands.

One of the greatest tools ever created to protect our national heritage, Presidents have safeguarded national treasures by using the Antiquities Act countless times since. President Obama used it to create the Bear’s Ears National Monument shortly before leaving office.

A coalition of five Native American tribes recommended and promoted this new National Monument. They consider this land sacred. It is one of my favorite places in Utah.

This area is exactly the kind of place the Antiquities Act was created to protect. Cedar Mesa alone has over 56,000 archeological sites. That’s right, 56 THOUSAND! That’s more than any other National Park or Monument already in existence. And that’s only one part of the Bear’s Ears. As you hike these canyons, you walk with the ghosts of those who have been there before us, Everywhere you look you find ruins, petroglyphs and pictographs. It’s where I learned to love the Colorado Plateau.

This new monument is under attack. The Utah Legislature is on the fast track to try to convince Washington to find a way to overturn the proclamation.  We need to fight to keep this sacred place safe.

I would show you more pretty pictures to convince you, but the Coalition of tribes that promoted saving the Bear’s Ears can show it better than I. So check out their site, http://bearsearscoalition.org. Help defend this precious land.

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